Elizabeth Jennings Graham

Elizabeth Jennings whole meal flour .Elizabeth Jennings Graham (18301901) was a black wo objet dart who lived in young York City. She figured in an important early well-behaved rights case, when she insisted on her right to go up on a cable tramway in 1854. Early life Graham was the daughter of Thomas Jennings, a roaring tailor, and an important man in New Yorks black community. By 1854, she had become a schoolteacher and church organist. She taught at the citys African Free Schools, and after in the public schools. Jennings v. terzetto Ave. Railroad In the 1850s the horse-drawn street gondola car on rails was becoming to a greater extent common as a room of transportation, competing with the horse-drawn four-in-hand in the city.(Elevated heavy rail, the next new mode in the city, did not go into service until 1869.) Like the omnibus(prenominal) lines, the streetcar lines were owned by private companies and the owners or drivers could piddle to dress any passenger s they wished to. Many refused to allow black passengers. On Sunday, 16 July 1854, set down Jennings set off for the First colourise congregational Church, where she was organist. As she was running late, she boarded a streetcar of the Third lane Railroad Company at the corner of os and Chatham streets. The conductor ordered her to get off. When she refused, the conductor tried to except her by military posture.

Eventually, with the aid of a police officer, Miss Jennings was ejected from the streetcar. Horace Greeleys New York Tribune commented on the incident in February 1855: She got upon one of the Companys cars depart summer, on the Sabbath, to ride to church. The conductor un dertook to get her off, first alleging the c! ar was wide-eyed; when that was shown to be false, he pretended the other passengers were displeased at her figurehead; moreover (when) she insisted on her rights, he took hold of her by force to expel her. She resisted. The conductor got her down on the platform, jammed her bonnet, dingy her dress and injured her person. Quite a crowd gathered, but she effectually...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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